Unit Load Devices (ULDs) yog cov cuab yeej siv dav siv hauv huab cua thauj khoom hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thauj, suav nrog pallets thiab ntim. Lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum yoog raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom thauj, txwv qhov hnyav, thiab thauj khoom / tshem tawm ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tom ntej no, Baiyun.com yuav muab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav los ntawm peb yam: kev faib ua qauv, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm dav hlau, thiab cov cai thauj khoom.
I. Core Classification and Identification Rules of Unit Load Devices (ULDs)
1. Kev faib tawm raws li daim ntawv: Pallets vs. Thawv
Pallets: Ua los ntawm lub hauv paus phaj (txhuas alloy lossis cov khoom sib xyaw) + mesh / tarpaulin, haum rau cov khoom thauj tsis tu ncua (xws li cov tshuab loj, cov khoom loj).
Nta: Lub teeb yuag, yooj yim thauj khoom, tab sis cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau ruaj ntseg (nrog hlua lossis hlua), muab kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
Thawv: Lub thawv kaw (aluminium alloy lossis fiberglass), muaj nyob rau hauv dav dav -lub hom phiaj (khoom qhuav qhuav) thiab tshwj xeeb- hom phiaj (tub yees, insulated, khoom txaus ntshai) hom.
Nta: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev (tsis muaj nag, plua plav), haum rau cov cuab yeej precision, kua, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis kuj hnyav ( cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm thauj khoom).
2. Kev lees txais thoob ntiaj teb IATA Cov Cai Kos Npe
ULD cov lej suav nrog 3 tus lej ua ntej + 6 tus lej + 1 kos tus lej. Lub prefix sawv cev rau hom thiab loj, piv txwv li:
PAG: P=pallet, A=size series, G=pem teb hom (daim phiaj);
AKN: A=thawv, K=loj series, N=lub hom phiaj (tsis yog-insulated).
Muaj nuj nqi: Tus lej tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas sai ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib xws thiab kev txwv kev thauj khoom (xws li qhov hnyav tag nrho).
II. ULD Cov Qauv Ua Tau Zoo nrog Mainstream Aircraft Hom (Classified by Cargo Hold Type)
Lub cargo tuav ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv tau muab faib ua lub ntsiab cargo tuav (fuselage main tuav) thiab qis cargo tuav (lub plab). Cov qauv sib xws ULD sib txawv heev:
1. Nqaim- lub cev dav hlau (ib txoj kev, xws li B737, A320 series)
Cargo tuav cov yam ntxwv: Cov khoom nqa qis qis tsis muaj lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tuaj yeem ua raws li ULDs me me, thiab muaj kev txwv qhov siab (feem ntau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6 meters).
Tau tshaj cov qauv:
Platelets: P1P (loj 2.24m × 1.19m, siab tshaj qhov hnyav tag nrho 3180kg), P6P (2.44m × 1.22m, 3180kg).
Ntim: AKN (ntim ≈ 3.5m³, hnyav tag nrho 3175kg), AKE (3.9m³, 3175kg) - Ntim tshwj xeeb rau nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, qhov siab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m.
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Cov khoom thauj qis ntawm B737-800 tuaj yeem tuav 2 lub thawv AKE + 1 P1P pallet, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm kwv yees li 8 tons.
2. Dav - lub cev dav hlau (Dual-aisle, xws li B777, A330, B787 series)
Main Cargo Hold (Qib Siab):
Haum rau Loj Thawv Pallets:
PMC (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 31750kg) - Feem ntau siv, tuaj yeem tuav 100-150 txheem thawv;
PAG (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, Grid Pem Teb, haum rau cov khoom hnyav).
Ntim: MAF (Volume ≈ 16m³, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, General Dry Cargo Container), RAF (Lub thawv txias, Tswj Kub -30℃~ +30℃).
Lower Cargo Hold (qib qis):
Haum rau nruab nrab - pallets loj: P1P, P6P (tib yam li nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, tab sis nrog lub peev xwm thauj khoom tau nce mus rau 5000kg);
Ntim: AKE (tib yam li nqaim{0}} lub cev dav hlau), AKH (ntim 5.6m³, hnyav tag nrho 6800kg, siab dua).
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Lub B777 lub ntsiab khoom thauj tuaj yeem tuav tau 30 PMC pallets, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom thauj ntau tshaj 90 tons.
3. Ultra-Large Wide-Lub cev dav hlau (piv txwv li, A380, B747-8)
Cargo Hold Nta: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav tau muab faib ua theem siab thiab qis (zoo ib yam li ob -decker tsheb npav), nrog rau cov khoom ntim qis dua, sib xws nrog txhua tus qauv ULDs.
Cov Qauv Tshwj Xeeb Compatible:
Platform: PLA (2.44m × 6.1m, ntxiv - ntev pallet, tsuas yog haum rau A380 lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tag nrho qhov hnyav 60,000kg);
Thawv: M1A (Volume ≈ 30m³, hnyav tag nrho 45,000kg, haum rau cov khoom loj loj).
III. ULD Loading Core Rules (Kev Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv)
1. Loj Compatibility: "Peb Tsis yog-Ntau" Txoj Cai
Tsis Muaj Qhov Loj Tshaj Plaws Hauv Pem Teb: Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua dhau ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub pallet / thawv (tsis li ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg thiab yuav poob thaum ya davhlau).
Tsis Muaj Tshaj Cargo Hold Qhov siab: Piv txwv li, qhov qis cargo tuav qhov siab ntawm qhov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m. Yog tias cov khoom thauj tau muab tso rau qhov siab ntawm 1.7m, lub hatch yuav tsis tuaj yeem kaw.
Tsis pub dhau lub dav hlau dav hlau txwv: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav ntawm dav - lub cev dav hlau feem ntau tuaj yeem nqa pallets txog 2.44m dav, tab sis yog tias cov khoom thauj mus txog 3m, nws yuav daig hauv qhov tuav.
2. Kev faib khoom hnyav: "Sib npaug Loading" yog qhov tseem ceeb
Ib qho -Point Overloading Txwv: Txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub pallet muaj qhov txwv tsis pub thauj khoom - cov kabmob muaj peev xwm (piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws thauj khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm PMC pallet yog 5000kg). Yog tias cov khoom thauj yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum, nws yuav zom cov pallet.
Qhov hnyav tag nrho yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj lub dav hlau hom txwv: Piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm ib lub thawv nyob rau hauv qis cargo tuav ntawm B737 yog 3175kg. Kev thauj khoom 3500kg yuav ua rau qhov hnyav tsis txaus ( cuam tshuam rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb tsaws).
Tswv yim: Siv lub forklift los thawb cov khoom thauj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub pallet thiab ruaj ntseg rau lub pallet lub latches nrog cov hlua (ib pluaj txhua 30cm).
3. Kev txwv tshwj xeeb thauj khoom thauj khoom
Cov khoom phom sij: yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom txaus ntshai (piv txwv li, cov thawv ntim cim "DGR") thiab khaws cia cais ntawm cov khoom thauj dav dav (tsawg kawg 1 meter sib nrug).
Cov kua / hmoov: yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv cov pa xau- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, nrog cov padding absorbent rau hauv qab (kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj paug thiab paug ntawm lwm cov khoom thauj). Precision Instruments: Yuav tsum tau ruaj nrog ua npuas ncauj lossis cushioning khoom; stacking yog txwv tsis pub (tsuas yog ib qho - txheej tso rau ntawm pallets).
4. Clear Labeling: "Tag nrho peb daim ntawv ua tiav"
Cargo Labels: Qhia lub npe khoom, qhov hnyav, thiab qhov chaw nyob (raws li cov khoom siv dav hlau).
Cov cim taw qhia: Cov khoom tawg yooj yim yuav tsum tau sau tias "Upward" kom tsis txhob muaj kev thim rov qab.
ULD Number Labels: Tus naj npawb pallet / thawv yuav tsum phim "ULD Cov Ntaub Ntawv" daim teb ntawm cov ntawv xa khoom huab cua (rau kev taug qab dav hlau).
IV. Feem ntau yuam kev thiab qhov tshwm sim rau Beginners
Hom Thawv tsis raug: Siv dav - lub dav hlau lub cev lub thawv AKH los thauj cov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau B737 yuav ua rau cov khoom thauj khoom tsis kam nce vim qhov siab tshaj lub qhov rooj thauj khoom (cov nqi xa rov qab nce 50%).
Kev Thauj Khoom hnyav: Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub pallet tshaj li lub dav hlau hom txwv, ua rau raug nplua los ntawm lub dav hlau (US $ 5-10 ib kg hnyav dua) thiab xav tau kev ntim khoom rov qab (txog 1-3 hnub).
Kev ruaj ntseg ruaj ntseg: Yog tias cov khoom thauj tsis ruaj ntseg nrog cov hlua khi, nws tuaj yeem tawg thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau vim muaj kev kub ntxhov, ua rau lwm yam khoom thauj tsis zoo (tag nrho cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau ua).
Daim Ntawv Qhia Kom Paub Txog Chav Load Devices (ULDs): Pallet / Thawv Hom thiab Loading Rules rau Cov Qauv Dav Hlau
Unit Load Devices (ULDs) yog cov cuab yeej siv dav siv hauv huab cua thauj khoom hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thauj, suav nrog pallets thiab ntim. Lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum yoog raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom thauj, txwv qhov hnyav, thiab thauj khoom / tshem tawm ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tom ntej no, Baiyun.com yuav muab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav los ntawm peb yam: kev faib ua qauv, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm dav hlau, thiab cov cai thauj khoom.
I. Core Classification and Identification Rules of Unit Load Devices (ULDs)
1. Kev faib tawm raws li daim ntawv: Pallets vs. Thawv
Pallets: Ua los ntawm lub hauv paus phaj (txhuas alloy lossis cov khoom sib xyaw) + mesh / tarpaulin, haum rau cov khoom thauj tsis tu ncua (xws li cov tshuab loj, cov khoom loj).
Nta: Lub teeb yuag, yooj yim thauj khoom, tab sis cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau ruaj ntseg (nrog hlua lossis hlua), muab kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
Thawv: Lub thawv kaw (aluminium alloy lossis fiberglass), muaj nyob rau hauv dav dav -lub hom phiaj (khoom qhuav qhuav) thiab tshwj xeeb- hom phiaj (tub yees, insulated, khoom txaus ntshai) hom.
Nta: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev (tsis muaj nag, plua plav), haum rau cov cuab yeej precision, kua, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis kuj hnyav ( cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm thauj khoom).
2. Kev lees txais thoob ntiaj teb IATA Cov Cai Kos Npe
ULD cov lej suav nrog 3 tus lej ua ntej + 6 tus lej + 1 kos tus lej. Lub prefix sawv cev rau hom thiab loj, piv txwv li:
PAG: P=pallet, A=size series, G=pem teb hom (daim phiaj);
AKN: A=thawv, K=loj series, N=lub hom phiaj (tsis yog-insulated).
Muaj nuj nqi: Tus lej tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas sai ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib xws thiab kev txwv kev thauj khoom (xws li qhov hnyav tag nrho).
II. ULD Cov Qauv Ua Tau Zoo nrog Mainstream Aircraft Hom (Classified by Cargo Hold Type)
Lub cargo tuav ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv tau muab faib ua lub ntsiab cargo tuav (fuselage main tuav) thiab qis cargo tuav (lub plab). Cov qauv sib xws ULD sib txawv heev:
1. Nqaim- lub cev dav hlau (ib txoj kev, xws li B737, A320 series)
Cargo tuav cov yam ntxwv: Cov khoom nqa qis qis tsis muaj lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tuaj yeem ua raws li ULDs me me, thiab muaj kev txwv qhov siab (feem ntau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6 meters).
Tau tshaj cov qauv:
Platelets: P1P (loj 2.24m × 1.19m, siab tshaj qhov hnyav tag nrho 3180kg), P6P (2.44m × 1.22m, 3180kg).
Ntim: AKN (ntim ≈ 3.5m³, hnyav tag nrho 3175kg), AKE (3.9m³, 3175kg) - Ntim tshwj xeeb rau nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, qhov siab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m.
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Cov khoom thauj qis ntawm B737-800 tuaj yeem tuav 2 lub thawv AKE + 1 P1P pallet, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm kwv yees li 8 tons.
2. Dav - lub cev dav hlau (Dual-aisle, xws li B777, A330, B787 series)
Main Cargo Hold (Qib Siab):
Haum rau Loj Thawv Pallets:
PMC (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 31750kg) - Feem ntau siv, tuaj yeem tuav 100-150 txheem thawv;
PAG (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, Grid Pem Teb, haum rau cov khoom hnyav).
Ntim: MAF (Volume ≈ 16m³, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, General Dry Cargo Container), RAF (Lub thawv txias, Tswj Kub -30℃~ +30℃).
Lower Cargo Hold (qib qis):
Haum rau nruab nrab - pallets loj: P1P, P6P (tib yam li nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, tab sis nrog lub peev xwm thauj khoom tau nce mus rau 5000kg);
Ntim: AKE (tib yam li nqaim{0}} lub cev dav hlau), AKH (ntim 5.6m³, hnyav tag nrho 6800kg, siab dua).
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Lub B777 lub ntsiab khoom thauj tuaj yeem tuav tau 30 PMC pallets, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom thauj ntau tshaj 90 tons.
3. Ultra-Large Wide-Lub cev dav hlau (piv txwv li, A380, B747-8)
Cargo Hold Nta: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav tau muab faib ua theem siab thiab qis (zoo ib yam li ob -decker tsheb npav), nrog rau cov khoom ntim qis dua, sib xws nrog txhua tus qauv ULDs.
Cov Qauv Tshwj Xeeb Compatible:
Platform: PLA (2.44m × 6.1m, ntxiv - ntev pallet, tsuas yog haum rau A380 lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tag nrho qhov hnyav 60,000kg);
Thawv: M1A (Volume ≈ 30m³, hnyav tag nrho 45,000kg, haum rau cov khoom loj loj).
III. ULD Loading Core Rules (Kev Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv)
1. Loj Compatibility: "Peb Tsis yog-Ntau" Txoj Cai
Tsis Muaj Qhov Loj Tshaj Plaws Hauv Pem Teb: Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua dhau ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub pallet / thawv (tsis li ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg thiab yuav poob thaum ya davhlau).
Tsis Muaj Tshaj Cargo Hold Qhov siab: Piv txwv li, qhov qis cargo tuav qhov siab ntawm qhov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m. Yog tias cov khoom thauj tau muab tso rau qhov siab ntawm 1.7m, lub hatch yuav tsis tuaj yeem kaw.
Tsis pub dhau lub dav hlau dav hlau txwv: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav ntawm dav - lub cev dav hlau feem ntau tuaj yeem nqa pallets txog 2.44m dav, tab sis yog tias cov khoom thauj mus txog 3m, nws yuav daig hauv qhov tuav.
2. Kev faib khoom hnyav: "Sib npaug Loading" yog qhov tseem ceeb
Ib qho -Point Overloading Txwv: Txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub pallet muaj qhov txwv tsis pub thauj khoom - cov kabmob muaj peev xwm (piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws thauj khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm PMC pallet yog 5000kg). Yog tias cov khoom thauj yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum, nws yuav zom cov pallet.
Qhov hnyav tag nrho yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj lub dav hlau hom txwv: Piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm ib lub thawv nyob rau hauv qis cargo tuav ntawm B737 yog 3175kg. Kev thauj khoom 3500kg yuav ua rau qhov hnyav tsis txaus ( cuam tshuam rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb tsaws).
Tswv yim: Siv lub forklift los thawb cov khoom thauj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub pallet thiab ruaj ntseg rau lub pallet lub latches nrog cov hlua (ib pluaj txhua 30cm).
3. Kev txwv tshwj xeeb thauj khoom thauj khoom
Cov khoom phom sij: yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom txaus ntshai (piv txwv li, cov thawv ntim cim "DGR") thiab khaws cia cais ntawm cov khoom thauj dav dav (tsawg kawg 1 meter sib nrug).
Cov kua / hmoov: yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv cov pa xau- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, nrog cov padding absorbent rau hauv qab (kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj paug thiab paug ntawm lwm cov khoom thauj). Precision Instruments: Yuav tsum tau ruaj nrog ua npuas ncauj lossis cushioning khoom; stacking yog txwv tsis pub (tsuas yog ib qho - txheej tso rau ntawm pallets).
4. Clear Labeling: "Tag nrho peb daim ntawv ua tiav"
Cargo Labels: Qhia lub npe khoom, qhov hnyav, thiab qhov chaw nyob (raws li cov khoom siv dav hlau).
Cov cim taw qhia: Cov khoom tawg yooj yim yuav tsum tau sau tias "Upward" kom tsis txhob muaj kev thim rov qab.
ULD Number Labels: Tus naj npawb pallet / thawv yuav tsum phim "ULD Cov Ntaub Ntawv" daim teb ntawm cov ntawv xa khoom huab cua (rau kev taug qab dav hlau).
IV. Feem ntau yuam kev thiab qhov tshwm sim rau Beginners
Hom Thawv tsis raug: Siv dav - lub dav hlau lub cev lub thawv AKH los thauj cov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau B737 yuav ua rau cov khoom thauj khoom tsis kam nce vim qhov siab tshaj lub qhov rooj thauj khoom (cov nqi xa rov qab nce 50%).
Kev Thauj Khoom hnyav: Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub pallet tshaj li lub dav hlau hom txwv, ua rau raug nplua los ntawm lub dav hlau (US $ 5-10 ib kg hnyav dua) thiab xav tau kev ntim khoom rov qab (txog 1-3 hnub).
Kev ruaj ntseg ruaj ntseg: Yog tias cov khoom thauj tsis ruaj ntseg nrog cov hlua khi, nws tuaj yeem tawg thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau vim muaj kev kub ntxhov, ua rau lwm yam khoom thauj tsis zoo (tag nrho cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau ua).
Daim Ntawv Qhia Kom Paub Txog Chav Load Devices (ULDs): Pallet / Thawv Hom thiab Loading Rules rau Cov Qauv Dav Hlau
Unit Load Devices (ULDs) yog cov cuab yeej siv dav siv hauv huab cua thauj khoom hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thauj, suav nrog pallets thiab ntim. Lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum yoog raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom thauj, txwv qhov hnyav, thiab thauj khoom / tshem tawm ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tom ntej no, Baiyun.com yuav muab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav los ntawm peb yam: kev faib ua qauv, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm dav hlau, thiab cov cai thauj khoom.
I. Core Classification and Identification Rules of Unit Load Devices (ULDs)
1. Kev faib tawm raws li daim ntawv: Pallets vs. Thawv
Pallets: Ua los ntawm lub hauv paus phaj (txhuas alloy lossis cov khoom sib xyaw) + mesh / tarpaulin, haum rau cov khoom thauj tsis tu ncua (xws li cov tshuab loj, cov khoom loj).
Nta: Lub teeb yuag, yooj yim thauj khoom, tab sis cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau ruaj ntseg (nrog hlua lossis hlua), muab kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
Thawv: Lub thawv kaw (aluminium alloy lossis fiberglass), muaj nyob rau hauv dav dav -lub hom phiaj (khoom qhuav qhuav) thiab tshwj xeeb- hom phiaj (tub yees, insulated, khoom txaus ntshai) hom.
Nta: Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev (tsis muaj nag, plua plav), haum rau cov cuab yeej precision, kua, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis kuj hnyav ( cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm thauj khoom).
2. Kev lees txais thoob ntiaj teb IATA Cov Cai Kos Npe
ULD cov lej suav nrog 3 tus lej ua ntej + 6 tus lej + 1 kos tus lej. Lub prefix sawv cev rau hom thiab loj, piv txwv li:
PAG: P=pallet, A=size series, G=pem teb hom (daim phiaj);
AKN: A=thawv, K=loj series, N=lub hom phiaj (tsis yog-insulated).
Muaj nuj nqi: Tus lej tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas sai ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib xws thiab kev txwv kev thauj khoom (xws li qhov hnyav tag nrho).
II. ULD Cov Qauv Ua Tau Zoo nrog Mainstream Aircraft Hom (Classified by Cargo Hold Type)
Lub cargo tuav ntawm cov qauv dav hlau sib txawv tau muab faib ua lub ntsiab cargo tuav (fuselage main tuav) thiab qis cargo tuav (lub plab). Cov qauv sib xws ULD sib txawv heev:
1. Nqaim- lub cev dav hlau (ib txoj kev, xws li B737, A320 series)
Cargo tuav cov yam ntxwv: Cov khoom nqa qis qis tsis muaj lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tuaj yeem ua raws li ULDs me me, thiab muaj kev txwv qhov siab (feem ntau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6 meters).
Tau tshaj cov qauv:
Platelets: P1P (loj 2.24m × 1.19m, siab tshaj qhov hnyav tag nrho 3180kg), P6P (2.44m × 1.22m, 3180kg).
Ntim: AKN (ntim ≈ 3.5m³, hnyav tag nrho 3175kg), AKE (3.9m³, 3175kg) - Ntim tshwj xeeb rau nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, qhov siab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m.
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Cov khoom thauj qis ntawm B737-800 tuaj yeem tuav 2 lub thawv AKE + 1 P1P pallet, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm kwv yees li 8 tons.
2. Dav - lub cev dav hlau (Dual-aisle, xws li B777, A330, B787 series)
Main Cargo Hold (Qib Siab):
Haum rau Loj Thawv Pallets:
PMC (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 31750kg) - Feem ntau siv, tuaj yeem tuav 100-150 txheem thawv;
PAG (2.44m × 3.17m, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, Grid Pem Teb, haum rau cov khoom hnyav).
Ntim: MAF (Volume ≈ 16m³, Tag Nrho Nyhav 25000kg, General Dry Cargo Container), RAF (Lub thawv txias, Tswj Kub -30℃~ +30℃).
Lower Cargo Hold (qib qis):
Haum rau nruab nrab - pallets loj: P1P, P6P (tib yam li nqaim- lub cev dav hlau, tab sis nrog lub peev xwm thauj khoom tau nce mus rau 5000kg);
Ntim: AKE (tib yam li nqaim{0}} lub cev dav hlau), AKH (ntim 5.6m³, hnyav tag nrho 6800kg, siab dua).
Kev Thauj Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm: Lub B777 lub ntsiab khoom thauj tuaj yeem tuav tau 30 PMC pallets, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom thauj ntau tshaj 90 tons.
3. Ultra-Large Wide-Lub cev dav hlau (piv txwv li, A380, B747-8)
Cargo Hold Nta: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav tau muab faib ua theem siab thiab qis (zoo ib yam li ob -decker tsheb npav), nrog rau cov khoom ntim qis dua, sib xws nrog txhua tus qauv ULDs.
Cov Qauv Tshwj Xeeb Compatible:
Platform: PLA (2.44m × 6.1m, ntxiv - ntev pallet, tsuas yog haum rau A380 lub ntsiab cargo tuav, tag nrho qhov hnyav 60,000kg);
Thawv: M1A (Volume ≈ 30m³, hnyav tag nrho 45,000kg, haum rau cov khoom loj loj).
III. ULD Loading Core Rules (Kev Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv)
1. Loj Compatibility: "Peb Tsis yog-Ntau" Txoj Cai
Tsis Muaj Qhov Loj Tshaj Plaws Hauv Pem Teb: Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua dhau ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub pallet / thawv (tsis li ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg thiab yuav poob thaum ya davhlau).
Tsis Muaj Tshaj Cargo Hold Qhov siab: Piv txwv li, qhov qis cargo tuav qhov siab ntawm qhov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6m. Yog tias cov khoom thauj tau muab tso rau qhov siab ntawm 1.7m, lub hatch yuav tsis tuaj yeem kaw.
Tsis pub dhau lub dav hlau dav hlau txwv: Lub ntsiab cargo tuav ntawm dav - lub cev dav hlau feem ntau tuaj yeem nqa pallets txog 2.44m dav, tab sis yog tias cov khoom thauj mus txog 3m, nws yuav daig hauv qhov tuav.
2. Kev faib khoom hnyav: "Sib npaug Loading" yog qhov tseem ceeb
Ib qho -Point Overloading Txwv: Txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub pallet muaj qhov txwv tsis pub thauj khoom - cov kabmob muaj peev xwm (piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws thauj khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm PMC pallet yog 5000kg). Yog tias cov khoom thauj yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum, nws yuav zom cov pallet.
Qhov hnyav tag nrho yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj lub dav hlau hom txwv: Piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm ib lub thawv nyob rau hauv qis cargo tuav ntawm B737 yog 3175kg. Kev thauj khoom 3500kg yuav ua rau qhov hnyav tsis txaus ( cuam tshuam rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev nyab xeeb tsaws).
Tswv yim: Siv lub forklift los thawb cov khoom thauj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub pallet thiab ruaj ntseg rau lub pallet lub latches nrog cov hlua (ib pluaj txhua 30cm).
3. Kev txwv tshwj xeeb thauj khoom thauj khoom
Cov khoom phom sij: yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom txaus ntshai (piv txwv li, cov thawv ntim cim "DGR") thiab khaws cia cais ntawm cov khoom thauj dav dav (tsawg kawg 1 meter sib nrug).
Cov kua / hmoov: yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv cov pa xau- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, nrog cov padding absorbent rau hauv qab (kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj paug thiab paug ntawm lwm cov khoom thauj). Precision Instruments: Yuav tsum tau ruaj nrog ua npuas ncauj lossis cushioning khoom; stacking yog txwv tsis pub (tsuas yog ib qho - txheej tso rau ntawm pallets).
4. Clear Labeling: "Tag nrho peb daim ntawv sau tiav."
Cargo Labels: Qhia lub npe khoom, qhov hnyav, thiab qhov chaw nyob (raws li cov khoom siv dav hlau).
Cov cim taw qhia: Cov khoom tawg yooj yim yuav tsum tau sau tias "Upward" kom tsis txhob muaj kev thim rov qab.
ULD Number Labels: Tus naj npawb pallet / thawv yuav tsum phim "ULD Cov Ntaub Ntawv" daim teb ntawm cov ntawv xa khoom huab cua (rau kev taug qab dav hlau).
IV. Feem ntau yuam kev thiab qhov tshwm sim rau Beginners
Hom Thawv tsis raug: Siv dav - lub dav hlau lub cev lub thawv AKH los thauj cov nqaim - lub cev dav hlau B737 yuav ua rau cov khoom thauj khoom tsis kam nce vim qhov siab tshaj lub qhov rooj thauj khoom (cov nqi xa rov qab nce 50%).
Kev Thauj Khoom hnyav: Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub pallet tshaj li lub dav hlau hom txwv, ua rau raug nplua los ntawm lub dav hlau (US $ 5-10 ib kg hnyav dua) thiab xav tau kev ntim khoom rov qab (txog 1-3 hnub).
Kev ruaj ntseg ruaj ntseg: Yog tias cov khoom thauj tsis ruaj ntseg nrog cov hlua khi, nws tuaj yeem tawg thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau vim muaj kev kub ntxhov, ua rau lwm yam khoom thauj tsis zoo (tag nrho cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau ua).